How to Choose Solid Phase Extraction Method?

Selection of stationary phase (selecting the stationary phase according to the principle of similar compatibility): The stationary phase of SPE is the key to sample separation and purification. Because the stationary phase is related to the repeatability, recovery, sensitivity, and specificity of SPE, SPE Adsorbents have always been a hot spot of concern.

Since the invention of SPE, the contamination of the sample of polymer resin has been annoying. In 1978, Waters Company invented the C18-bonded silica gel to make a disposable small column (Sep-park), which has high reliability and stability and has been widely used. In clinical biochemical tests. Adsorbents that can be used in HPLC can be used in SPE, including “designer phase” for drug abuse testing in recent years. The choice of adsorbent should consider the affinity of each component of the sample to the stationary phase, the force of the analyte and the eluent, and also consider its versatility.

In the current chemically bonded phase, the non-polar bonded phase has C1, C2, C4, C6, C8, cyclohexane, phenyl, diphenyl, C18, etc.; polar and weak ion exchange phases are: cyanide Base, diol group, amino group, primary/secondary amine group, butyric acid group; strong ion exchange phase: propane sulfonic acid group, benzenesulfonic acid group, quaternary ammonium group, etc.; adsorption resin: XAD-2, GDX, X-5. Phenylsulfonic acid with selective specificity can be used to separate coplanar vicinal hydroxyl structural molecules.

For biological samples, most of them are dissolved in water-based substances, the analytes are ionized, and highly polar substances are separated by ion exchange extraction. Non-polar or weakly polar analytes are extracted with RP, and normal phase extraction is used for organic extraction. A polar substance in a solvent. The amount of adsorbent must ensure that all the analytes are effectively adsorbed from the sample, without retaining the matrix component. Increasing the amount of the adsorbent can increase the adsorption capacity, but at the same time increase the elution volume, dilute the analyte and dry it. And quantification brings difficulties. Therefore, a minimum amount of adsorbent is used on the premise of achieving effective adsorption. Hawach offers you solid phase extraction cartridges.

Choosing the appropriate solid-phase extraction (SPE) method is crucial for the effective extraction and purification of target compounds from a sample matrix. The choice depends on several factors, including the type of sample, the analytes of interest, and the desired level of purification. Here are steps to help you choose the right SPE method:

1. Define Your Objectives:
   • Determine the specific goals of your extraction:
     • Are you extracting a specific compound or class of compounds?
     • Is your goal to purify, concentrate, or fractionate the sample?
     • Do you need to remove interfering substances?
2. Understand the Sample Matrix:
   • Assess the nature of the sample matrix (e.g., biological fluids, environmental samples, food products) to identify potential interferences, co-extracted compounds, and matrix effects.
3. Consider Analyte Properties:
   • Evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the analytes:
     • Polarity: Are the analytes polar or non-polar?
     • Charge: Are the analytes charged or uncharged?
     • Molecular size: Are the analytes large or small molecules?
4. Select a Suitable Sorbent Phase:
   • Choose the type of sorbent phase that best matches your analytes and sample matrix:
     • Reverse Phase: Suitable for non-polar to moderately polar analytes. Common sorbents include C18 and C8.
     • Normal Phase: Ideal for polar analytes. Silica-based sorbents are often used.
     • Ion-Exchange: Effective for charged analytes. Anion or cation exchange sorbents are available.
     • Mixed-Mode: Combines multiple interaction mechanisms and is versatile for a wide range of analytes.
5. Determine SPE Methodology:
   • Decide on the specific SPE method:
     • Batch vs. Cartridge: Batch SPE involves packing your own cartridges, while cartridge-based SPE uses pre-packed cartridges.
     • Disposable vs. Reusable: Consider whether you need single-use cartridges or reusable ones.
     • Manual vs. Automated: Depending on your sample volume and throughput, you may choose manual or automated SPE systems.
6. Optimize SPE Parameters:
   • Experiment with various parameters such as:
     • Sample loading volume.
     • Flow rate during sample loading and elution.
     • Wash and elution solvents and their composition.
     • Number of elution steps.
     • Elution volume.
7. Validation and QC:
   • Validate your chosen SPE method to ensure it meets the required performance criteria (e.g., recovery, reproducibility, precision).
8. Monitor Interferences:
   • Employ techniques like matrix-matched calibration standards and spiked matrix samples to account for matrix effects and interferences.
9. Consider Environmental Impact:
   • Evaluate the environmental impact of your chosen SPE method, including waste generation, solvent use, and disposal.
10. Documentation and Reporting:
    • Properly document your SPE method, including all parameters and conditions, for reproducibility and reporting purposes.
11. Keep Abreast of Advances:
    • Stay informed about new SPE materials, technologies, and methods that may improve your sample preparation process.
12. Consult Experts and Literature:
    • If you are unsure about the best SPE method for your application, consult experts in your field or refer to scientific literature and application notes for guidance.

The choice of the SPE method should be driven by the specific needs of your analytical application and the properties of your analytes and sample matrix. Careful consideration of these factors will help you select the most appropriate and effective solid-phase extraction method.