Full Introduction (24 Different Kinds) of the Various Packings in SPE Cartridge
1. Carbon-GCB (carbon black)
The graphitized carbon black (HAWACH Carbon-GCB) solid phase extraction cartridge extracts many polar substances, such as pesticides like the carbamate and thiourea, and has a higher and more stable recovery rate than C8 or C18. Data shows that graphitized carbon black SPE can extract more than 200 kinds of pesticide residues from food at the same time, such as organochlorine, organophosphorus, nitrogen and carbamate pesticides. Carbon-GCB graphitized carbon black is non-porous and does not require diffusion to porous areas for sample adsorption, so the extraction process is very rapid.
In addition, although its specific surface area is smaller than that of silica gel matrix, its adsorption capacity for compounds is more than double that of silica gel. Due to the regular six-membered ring structure on the carbon surface of Carbon-GCB, it has a strong affinity for planar molecules, which is very suitable for the extraction and purification of many organic substances, especially for the separation or removal of various substrates such as surface water and pigments in fruits and vegetables (such as chlorophyll and carotenoids), sterols, phenols, chloroanilines, organochlorine pesticides, carbamates, triazine herbicides, etc.
Technical parameters: 120-400 mesh, specific surface area 100 m2/g.
2. Si (silicone)
HAWACH silica gel is a small column with strong polarity. The filler is acid-washed silica gel. It usually extracts polar compounds from non-polar solvents through hydrogen bond interaction, and then elutes substances by increasing the polarity of the solvent.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore size 60, unsealed.
3. HAWACH Florisil
Flori silica is used as a polar silica gel adsorbent (silica-magnesium adsorbent) compounded with magnesium oxide, suitable for adsorption of polar compounds from non-polar substrates, such as separation of organochlorine pesticide residues and amines, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), ketones and organic acids.
Technical parameters: 100-200 mesh, specific surface area 289 m2/g.
4. Alumina (aluminum oxide)
Alumina is a kind of adsorption filler with strong polarity, its properties are close to silica gel, but alumina is more stable than silica gel under high pH conditions. It is commonly used to remove aromatic and aliphatic compounds.
Technical parameters: 100-300 mesh, neutral alumina pH ~7.0, acid alumina pH ~4.5, basic alumina pH ~9.5, activity Brockman Act. I.
5. HC-C18
It belongs to the more commonly used silica-based reversed-phase SPE cartridges. The extraction of non-polar compounds by hydrophobic interaction has a wide range of selectivity. Because it can retain most of the organic matter from the aqueous system, the structure of the organic matter is not harsh. In addition, C18 can also desalt the aqueous solution before ion exchange. HAWACH HC-C18 has a high carbon content and high hydrophobicity, which can greatly increase the sample load and recovery rate. The carbon content of 17% is also a tolerable pH value. C18 is often used to purify, extract, and concentrate pollutants in environmental water samples such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticide residues in food and beverages, and drugs and metabolites in biological fluids.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore diameter 60; carbon content 17%, sealed.
6. LC-C18
HAWACH LC-C18 has lower carbon content than HC-C18, so it has its unique selectivity. It is more suitable for polar compounds or substances that retain too much in HC-C18 due to excessive non-polarity.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore diameter 60, carbon content 11%, sealed.
7. PHE (Phenyl)
Phenyl cartridges are of medium polarity, and their retention capacity is similar to C8, but the selectivity is different, especially for planar molecules and conjugated molecules containing aromatic rings and fatty acids.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore diameter 60, carbon content 9%, sealed.
8. C4
C4 is usually used to extract macromolecular proteins and peptides in aqueous solutions, such as substances that have extremely hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups embedded in the 3D structure.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore diameter 60, carbon content 8%, sealed.
9. C8
C8 is moderately hydrophobic, and it is very suitable for separating compounds that are too strongly retained on C18. C8 is often used to extract fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins in serum and pesticides in waste.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore diameter 60, carbon content 12%, sealed.
10. CN (cyano)
The CN cyanopropyl cartridge can be used in two separation modes of normal phase or reverse phase. It has weaker polarity than silica gel and stronger polarity than C18 or C8. It is usually used to extract acidic and medium-phase solutions in aqueous solutions.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore diameter 60, carbon content 7%, tail-sealing.
11. Diol (diol based)
Diol diol base is used as a polar filler for normal phase chromatography. Its separation properties are similar to silica gel, but it has different selectivity from silica gel when the solvent ratio is different. It is usually used to separate drugs in biological fluids and metabolites.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore diameter 60, carbon content 7%, unsealed.
12. NH2 (amino)
The nature of NH2 aminopropyl is polar, and its functional groups are mainly hydrogen bonding and ion exchange. HAWACH NH2 has a pKa of 9.8, which is a weak anion exchanger. When the pH is ≤ 7.8, the amino functional group has a positive charge, which is suitable for separating anions that are too strong on strong anion exchangers such as SAX, such as sulfonic acid.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore size 60, ion exchange capacity 1.6 meq/g, tail-sealing.
13. PSA (Ethylenediamine-N-propyl)
The selectivity of ethylenediamino-N-propyl (HAWACH PSA) is similar to that of amino, and it can be used as a normal phase or reversed phase column. The polarity is stronger than C18 and weaker than silica gel. A variety of compounds with a wide range of polarities have good selectivity in different systems. It can also be used as a weak anion exchange cartridge. The two amino functional groups contained in HAWACH PSA provide higher ion exchange capacity and exhibit two pKa values, pKa 10.1 and pKa 10.9.
Therefore, HAWACH PSA can effectively remove interferences such as fatty acids (including oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, etc.), organic acids, some polar pigments, and sugars that affect pesticide residue detection in foods. At the same time, it is also very useful chelating agent.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore size 60; ion exchange capacity 1.4 meq/g, tail-sealing.
14. SAX (quaternary amine)
The functional group of HAWACH SAX strong anion exchange cartridge is a quaternary amine group, which is positively charged under almost any conditions, so it is very suitable for adsorbing weak anions such as carboxylic acids. The counter ion of HAWACH SAX is Cl-, and the ion exchange can be more activated by using a suitable buffer during activation.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore size 60; ion exchange capacity 1.1 meq/g, unsealed.
15. WCX (carboxylic acid)
HAWACH WCX packing has a medium polarity carboxylic acid group with a pKa of 4.5, so as a weak cation exchange cartridge, it does not require strong basic conditions to elute the analyte. WCX is especially suitable for the adsorption of strong cations, which are difficult to be eluted after adsorption with CX.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore size 60; ion exchange capacity 1.4 meq/g, tail-sealing.
16. SCX (Benzene Sulfonic Acid)
HAWACH SCX is a strong cation exchange cartridge, and its functional group is benzenesulfonic acid. In addition, due to the non-polarity of the benzene ring, the extraction of samples from aqueous solutions shows the dual nature of cation exchange and non-polar adsorption.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore size 60; ion exchange capacity 0.8 meq/g, tail-sealing.
17. PRS (Propanesulfonic acid)
HAWACH PRS is a strong cation exchange cartridge, but it is weaker than SCX. It is suitable for weak cations such as pyridine compounds. Typical applications include malachite green, crystal violet and other alkaline substances in water or biological samples.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore size 60; ion exchange capacity 1.0 meq/g, tail-sealing.
18. C8/SCX
C8/SCX and C8/SAX cartridges are bonded to the mixed phase of C8 and SCX or SAX, showing the dual properties of adsorbing neutral, acidic, basic and zwitterionic compounds. This type of mixed ion exchange cartridge is suitable for purifying charged or neutral compounds in aqueous solutions, such as drugs and metabolites in biological fluids.
Technical parameters: particle size 40-63μm, average pore size 60; tail-sealing.
19. Poly-Sery HLB SPE
Poly-Sery HLB SPE is a more versatile and extensive adsorbent for acidic, neutral, and basic compounds. Its matrix is a modified divinylbenzene polymer, which is a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance HLB reverse phase adsorbent that meets all SPE requirements.
Unlike traditional silica-based small columns, HLB polymer has hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups on the surface, has a good water-wetting type, and is very stable in the range of pH 1-14. Therefore, it shows the retention characteristics of a variety of different analytes, especially for polar compounds, the relative retention capacity is more than three times higher than that of the traditional silica-based SPE (such as C18).
Technical parameters: average particle size 60 μm, average pore size 180; specific surface area 710 m2/g
20. Poly-Sery PWAX (weak anion)
Poly-Sery PWAX is a mixed type weak anion exchange cartridge, which has good selectivity to strongly acidic compounds. Unlike traditional silica-based cartridges, PWAX is a modified styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups on the polymer surface, which are very stable in the pH range of 1-14. And has good water wettability. Therefore, it shows unique selectivity for a variety of different analytes. Poly-Sery PWAX is widely used to purify different matrices such as plasma, urine, or acidic compounds in food.
Technical parameters: average particle size 40μm, average pore size 120; specific surface area 900 m2/g.
21. Poly-Sery MAX (hybrid strong anion)
Poly-Sery MAX SPE is a mixed type strong anion exchange cartridge, which has good selectivity for acidic and neutral compounds. Different from traditional silica-based small columns, MAX is a modified styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups on the polymer surface, which are very stable in the range of pH 0-14, and has good water wettability.
Therefore, it shows unique selectivity for a variety of different analytes. Poly-Sery MAX is widely used to purify acidic and neutral compounds in different matrices such as serum, urine, plastic products or food, such as milk powder and dairy products. Cyanuric acid detection.
Technical parameters: average particle size 40μm or 100μm, average pore diameter 100; specific surface area 600m2/g, ion exchange capacity 0.3 meq/g.
22. Poly-Sery PSD
Poly-Sery PSD, as a highly cross-linked, neutral, special clean styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer, is usually used to retain hydrophobic compounds containing hydrophilic groups under reversed-phase conditions. PSD polymer can withstand pH environment, its typical application is to extract aromatic compounds and phenol from aqueous solution (phenol is difficult to retain on the C18 cartridge under reversed-phase conditions due to its high water solubility).
Technical parameters: particle size 80-160μm, pore size 110-175; specific surface area 900m2/g.
23. Poly-Sery MCX (mixed strong cation)
Poly-Sery MCX SPE is a mixed type strong cation exchange cartridge, which has good selectivity for basic and neutral compounds. Different from traditional silica-based cartridges, the matrix of MCX cartridges is a modified styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups on the polymer surface, which are both in the range of pH 0-14. It is very stable and has good water wettability.
Therefore, it shows unique selectivity for a variety of different analytes, and at the same time makes the development of sample preparation methods simpler and more effective, and enjoys high recovery and reproducibility. Poly-Sery MCX is widely used in the purification of alkaline and neutral compounds in different substrates such as serum, urine, plastic products or food, such as the detection of melamine in milk powder and dairy products.
Technical parameters: average particle size 40μm or 100μm, average pore diameter 100; specific surface area 600m2/g, ion exchange capacity 0.8 meq/g.
24. GCB/PSA
HAWACH GCB/PSA (graphitized carbon black/ethylenediamine-N-propyl) double-layer SPE cartridge is especially suitable for the detection of pesticide residues in food, including fruits, vegetables, meat, aquatic products, grains and milk products, etc., each of the two fillers exerts their unique advantages to remove key interferences in GC analysis.
